Update to my previous post: the next day, the applications were running OK.
I'm sorry that I can't explain why or how, but suddenly I could open Bridge while I had the "Sign in Required" for trial software window for some other CS6 application. Instead of quitting on that window, I continued as if I had a trial and signed in, clicked on "License This Product" and after I closed everything peace was restored in my installation.
I think in my case it wasn't a language issue after all. Good luck!